Impact of Globalisation on Nation Borders

Imp exercise of Globalisation on Nation Borders globoseisation has had its impacts on sphere cross- elude flows e.g flow of smashing. There has been an increase in supra farmingal economic activity which has expanded world passel and general capital flow. Goods argon flowing across national evades easily through minify trade barricades and new impartation methods. However, it crowd outnot be stated that the world has capture borderless. The aim of this paper is to show (through examining the U.Ss border and trade in the midst of Canada) that borders still exist and impact daily trade. In fact, it mountain be anticipated to see that thither ar new types of borders or divides organism formed within countries such as the U.S. Borders are organism employ to reinforce protection, define territories and influence prices of material imported from former(a) countries. Borders rump be viewed diametrically depending on their purpose and distance from which the border is uni verse viewed. From those different perspectives we can see that the world still has borders, they just channelize in their depart depending on different aspects (Glob eithery, Transnationally or Realistic).Economies of nations are check through trade of goods, services, information and even migration. Economic integration reduces barriers among national economies through governments leveling tariffs and other trade barriers strengthening trade and helps create a borderless world. Technological advances in communication assimilate likewise promoted integration in the way that they ease access to knowledge of except consumers and returns. Borders still have impacts on markets even close countries such as, U.S product markets and neighbouring country, Canada. The idea of having no borders and complete economic integration means having no trade barriers among countries. Canada and regular army have eliminated numerous barriers of trade in the midst of them, CUSFTA and NAFTA had eliminated barriers to bilateral trade for numerous goods before the recent trade agreements (Ceglowski, pg 22).Geographically, these countries are in favourable locations for trade. Greater distances would lead to higher costs for transportation and services hindering the economic integration between them. the supposes and Canada plow one long border which can easily be cut across through agriculture or water. Over of the Canadian population lives within 100 miles of the U.S border thitherfore the two countries share a emergence of social, political, cultural aspects. Majority of these countries population speak the same language which all together encourages bilateral trade and other cross border activities. They shortly exchange approximately $1 billion goods and services per day, theyre the worlds largest bilateral trade flow. However, the border still affects economic activities between them. Research shows that Canadian provinces trade much more with other Canadian p rovinces than the U.S states of same economic size and distance. Ontario which is roughly the same distance from British Columbia and Washington traded 7 times more with B.C than Washington in 1990. Despite Washington being a larger economy there was an apparent home bias in Canadian merchandize (Ceglowski, pg 23).There are other nontariff barriers such as licensing, health and safety regulations, govt procedures that often impact trade. For example, in early 1990s Ontario established a 10% evaluate on all can beers with the aim to encourage container reusing. However, the U.S beer manufactures byword this as a protectionist rule because they mostly sell their beer in cans which meant the tax would have a huge impact on their product (Ceglowski, pg 24).If borders were non-existent and had no impact on trade, there would be no price discrimination or different currencies between same products in the two countries. In the case of USA and Canada, despite the distance being signific antly lower than other trading countries, prices between a city in Canada and USA are higher than it would be between cities within the same country. compensate between U.S.A and Canada, there is a difference in currency which is other indicator of a border. International transactions have risks which excessively act as barriers for international trade (Ceglowski, pg 25).Borders still admit critical roles in politics. Some may argue that their functions are changing rather than them fading. Malcolm Anderson considers borders as a dynamic element of the state theyre used as an instrument of state policy. When governments change the buns and function of their borders, its for specialised benefits for their state and citizens. The policies and actions of state authorities are goaded by distinctly defined borders and borders are used as national identities. Moraczeska compares the role and place of borders according to their perception, importance and actions interpreted to exec ute rules within the borders. In her comparison, Moraczeska compares these aspects from a realistic, transnational and global aspectFigure 1.0 Table comparing border roles, perception and importance from three aspects(Moraczewska, pg 333)From Moraczeskas table it is clear that from a realistic, technical view, borders serve as an element of nationality and separation. It acts as a barrier against threats, the border acts to fragment regions with the aid of infrastructure made for securitization purposes and militarisation at the borders. At a transnational perspective, borders still play the role of fragmenting regions but its not a solid dividing line. Its considered permeable where theres a gradual abolition of infrastructure which opens up flows of goods, currency and peck.Globally, the borders are perceived as international markets. Theyre viewed as a virtual line, a line plainly seen on a map but dont exist for global markets which reinforces the ideal of the world as a wh ole fair borderless. We can alike see that globally, the importance of a border is downplayed. Its not viewed as a barrier but as a unifier for international flows. The border functions as a mixed market system and legal system. So the border is still connected with a territory but its function changes in the way that it divides one zone (economically, monetary, politically) from another but its not related to a nation-state but to a market. Borders between these different zones can be sources of profits/benefits or losses therefore, the idea of a borderless world isnt completely true even from a global perspective (Moraczeska, pg 334-336).Whereas borders seem to be more porous when it comes to trade, U.S borders are becoming more securitized when it comes to immigration. After the terrorist attacks September 11, 2001, the U.S (and multiple other states) has become determined to gain more control over their external borders. The USA has reenforce visa requirements and immigration procedures to control international movement of people. The US has in addition began construction of hundreds of miles of fencing along its border with Mexico. This process doesnt only restrict material flow from Mexico to USA but also cuts attain thousands of people who benefited from job opportunities (Newman, pg 149). Many other nations around the world such as Thailand, Uzbekistan, Iran, Brazil, Botswana, Spain have also strengthened their existing border barriers (Alexander and Hagen, pg 1197-1198).U.S.As border strengthened since the 2002 hearing. During this hearing, technology experts were asked to find a way to bit the war on terror using risk profiling techniques. 2 years from this hearing, the US Department of Homeland Security announced a $10 billion project (US interpret) to restructure and manage US air, land and seaport of entry warrantor. According to Accenture, this project is designed to operate off the beaten track(predicate) beyond US boundaries enabling Homeland Security to assess security risks of all US-bound travellers, preventing potential threats from reaching the US borders. This biometric border brings extends the governments ability to examine and govern multiple aspects of daily life. The US VISIT programme acts against the idea of porous international borders that are open for business. It objectifies and categorizes people as subjects and breaks them up into predictable risk factors for him or herself (e.g gender is crawfishn as a possible risk factor for the subject) or to others (e.g hot immigrants) (Louise, pg 339). This programme creates multiple boarders even within USA itself. In 2003, Accenture unionized workshops for American citizens suggesting that well intentioned Americans should volunteer to help fight the war on terror however, insinuations of citizen profiling for the other ethnicities in America such as Arab Americans are never questioned for being more racial and ethnic targeting. This creates a divide between ethnicities within USA (Louise, pg 346).Even though the U.S and other nations around the world have become more open to trade, borders between nations still exist and impact trade flows. The border between USA and Canada has large impacts on the trade flow and prices between the two nations. It can be seen that if two neighboring countries such as these still have border impacts despite the banishing of a lot of barriers and tariffs, countries trading from further lead be faced with border impacts as well. This proves the idea of globalization devising the world borderless irrelevant. We also saw that borders can be viewed differently and can have different roles. Borders viewed from a global aspect tend to play an integrative role were as from a realistic and transnational perspective, they take on a dividing role. Borders cannot be viewed from a single perspective they handle to function differently in different scales. Throughout this paper it was also established tha t borders arent just the markings or fences that separate one nation from another, virtual borders within countries (e.g USA) can be formed and are being formed. Therefore, it cannot be argued that the world is becoming borderless. Rather, borders are transforming.BibliographyAmoore, Louise. Biometric Borders Governing Mobilities in the warfare on Terror. Political Geography 25.3 (2006) 336-51. Political Geopgraphy, 2006. Web. 30 Oct. 2014.Ceglowski, Janet. Has Globalization Created a Borderless area? Bangkok John Stirling for The Nation, 1973. Web. 30 Oct. 2014.Diener, Alexander, and Joshua Hagen. Theorizing Borders in a Borderless founding Globalization, Territory and Identity. WILEY Online Library. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 18 Mar. 2009. Web. 16 Nov. 2014.Moraczewska, Anna. The Chnaging Interpretation Of Border Functions In International Relations. Revista Romn De Geografie Politic XII.2 (2010) 329-40. 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